Damping, in practice, means to receive, absorb and mitigate a force, dispersed or energy so that the initial charge has been minority sphere. The better the initial buffer, the lower the force received on the endpoint. For these purposes, rubber, by its nature, is one of the most commonly used materials.
architecture gum rubber
Elements in everyday life, are closer than you think. In joints of glass, furniture pads, absorbing the weights, so as not to scratch the floors. Given consistency, is capable of contracting and back, absorbing the load.
Seals for glass, rubber fireproof firewall.
http://www.nedys.com/esp/productos2.php?id=23 
Arrival: tire shoes. The rubber wear. By thinking in terms of architecture, there are arrivals. When the person is required to absorb the impact, not to fracture their ankles. The shoes hit the ground with rubber, as do mechanisms for the suspension of vehicles. The wheels absorb irregularities through the rubber and rubber. Is also present in non-slip elements, such as pedals, tacos ladder, or lining of steps. Buildings So, for the purpose of moving with the load, are suspended against gravity. Resort to the buffer, which contracts, accounts, and then recovers stability. By means of placing the structure on jacks, or through oscillatory pendulums, or other options, there are several ways to take this action.
addition to the material, and its contraction, there may be various types of mechanisms that emulate this resistance, controlled shrinkage or situation, maintaining balance, and suspension. Sample buffer gas (source: wikipedia), a mechanism that dissipates energy. Components, working in partnership, can be seen in the image.
A - bar
B - piston seal,
C - cylinder
D - oil tank
E - the floating piston,
The concept of seismic isolation by 
damping seismic isolation, within the theme of the buffer, and already thinking of building systems and construction of larger scale, is a design concept that allows high levels of safety during earthquakes, economic structures, separating by a flexible interface, the soil structure. Source:
http://www.sirve.cl/informacion_tecnica/aislacion_sismica/contenido_IT_aislacion.htm
conventional seismic design is based on increasing strength and deformation capacity of structural elements. For these structures, the earthquake generating high accelerations, stresses and strains, causing damage to it and its contents.
insulated design, however, changes the dynamic characteristics of a structure, reducing the seismic demand. In this case, reduce accelerations and deformations of the superstructure, eliminating the damage to it and its contents.
Device: insulator
elastomeric
This type of device is most used in insulation systems. It consists of a set of flat sheets of rubber, interspersed with grit, bonded to rubber, and coated on its top and bottom of two steel plates which are connected with the superstructure at the top and foundation at the bottom. Among the grit, the rubber sheet can be deformed into a horizontal plane and thus allow horizontal movement of the structure on the ground.
Parties elastomeric isolator. More information: http://cybertesis.uach.cl/tesis/uach/2006/bmfcia775a/doc/bmfcia775a.pdf
To avoid excessive vertical deformation, the steel sandwich plates have the function of the insulator to restrict lateral expansion (vertical load). This has important implications for the functioning of a system of rubber insulation.
elastomeric isolators can achieve significant levels of cushioning through a change in the chemical composition of rubber, reaching equivalent viscous damping ratio ranging between 12% and 18% for a wide range of frequencies and strains typical design. Alternatively, to achieve significant levels of damping (20% to 40%), the insulator is used rubber center lead. This device is identical to conventional elastomeric bushing unless the center features a lead core, bordered by the sheets of rubber and steel. This core has two primary functions. The first and most obvious, is to increase the damping of the isolator through lateral flow under deformation. And second, is to stiffen the structure laterally and any service charges like the wind. elastomeric isolator installed on site. Clinica UC San Carlos de Apoquindo.
Isolator deformed during testing. Other insulators
Friccional Pédulo
The pendulum device known as friccional (FPS) is a "slider" phone on a concave spherical surface. Any movement of the base will produce a displacement of the "slider" along this surface dissipating energy by friction. As this shift occurs on a curved surface the vertical force transmitted by the "slider" provides a tangential component which tends to focus the system. The idea of \u200b\u200bFPS is very simple, working extremely well.
No doubt there are details of the device that are important and not so obvious, such as the "slider" is a spherical lenticular so that this area is in contact with the concave surface and not a single point, as in the case of a frictional slider entirely spherical. This prevents the steel spherical surface scratching and impedes the free movement of the bushing. The "slider" is coated with high strength fluoropolymer, which allows working with design pressures close to 500 Kg/cm2. Finally, the FPS can be placed on both basal and inverted position, thus improving the ability to maintain the spherical surface clean even though there is a rubber seal around the bushing that prevents the ingress of dust and water. 
Stock FPS isolator type slippers device in which energy dissipation is achieved by dry friction between surfaces of different materials such as fluoropolymer and steel.
frictional slider in the image (left) Next, slide in Building St. Augustine Catholic University of Chile. VPJ Device
metal insulator, consisting of 16 elements in the form of C, which dissipates energy through the yielding of these, and has a uniform strength in all directions.
Stock
device
frictional isolator rubber ring 
device in which energy dissipation occurs through friction, and has a restorative component given by the rubber. frictional isolator rubber ring system
floor insulation floating floor system consisting of sections of support (support Ball) and units of damping (viscous dampers and coil springs .)
floor insulation Chart
cosine Rail System rail system with pendulum motion (given by the cosine form of the rails) placed under furniture. 
rails
cosine graph.
Campus San Joaquin, San Augustine building of the Catholic University, Santiago (2002). Elastomeric isolators 42 (17 with lead core) + 11 slides. Kansai
: structure on hydraulic mechanisms
Kansai Airport, returning to the example given in the previous article, is located on an artificial island in Osaka Bay, Japan, was inaugurated on September 4 1994.
construction criteria for the population to avoid aircraft noise, the artificial island, the world's largest, was built three miles of the coast, in a place where water depth reaches 18 meters. This effort is enhanced by the difficulties encountered: two layers of porous clay in the seabed, made the island sank five meters in six months, generating public concern. Currently, the island is sinking three to five inches a month, but experts say it is not problem. With its platform located six feet above sea level, it is expected to yield only two meters over the next 50 years, and in the meantime, many hydraulic devices correcting the profile of the terminal. How to approach a settlement batch?
Due to settlement, will waste compacting, becoming irregular horizontal line. It provides regular slopes, and subsidence, hydraulic mechanisms - jacks - in the bottom of the buildings, which raise or lower complex modules to avoid uneven in different joints.
The process involves lifting and dropping solid sheets Fill up to the appropriate level and sometimes gets up to take pictures and let down on the movement of groundwater. When there are escalators which occur together, these steps are a sort of hinged ramp extensions that hide the small difference between levels that are taking place, while below are correcting these differences with the devices. It's a pretty neat job every day. Graphics Demos Thus the support columns are equipped with these hydraulic mechanisms, which allow up or down, as the technical solution, attempting to correct the inclination of the wings.
graphical representation based system to maintain the horizontal line, but the soil can be deformed. (Basic Concept of the Jack-up System)
Detail arrival of the support columns. The hydraulic mechanism maintains the level, while varying the attachment to the pins or bolts. Pictured below are placed shims to keep the balance.
(How the pillar under the passenger terminal is jacked up)
Unequal Measures Against Settlement under the Passenger Terminal (as of December 2007): before the settlement uneven, is the control device which varies.
The video is shown, below, is an entertaining film, which consists of five parts on YouTube, and graph this constructive solution through renders. It is part of a series on mega-structures, and this is the Kansai airport. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CSc2bBfYaM&feature=channel_page
recent constructions in areas of high seismic activity
As damping system can present the concept of suspending a pendulum oscillating. The Taipei 101 building (308 m), has suspended a huge shock in the form of a sphere, which takes up four floors, working steadily to prevent the building to collapse by earthquake or wind. This mass of 730 tons, is an event when it is static, but even more impressive acting during earthquakes.
The design seeks strength and flexibility through a steel high-performance. 36 columns supporting the building, including eight "mega-columns", lined with concrete. Every eight floors, structural steel beams connecting the columns between the center and the field structure. These features, combined with the strength of the foundation, make the building a more stable structures built to date. The foundations are reinforced by 308 piles, anchored at a depth of 80 meters underground. Each pile, 1.5 meters in diameter, can withstand a load of 1000 tonnes.
The weight of this building, of 700,000 tons, with 101 apartments, 12,000 people, however, apparently also generated comments that could be making the earth tremble. Two earthquakes, between 2004-2005, were centered just below the building. The geologist Cheng Horng Lin of National Taiwan Normal University, supports the hypothesis that the 700,000 tons it weighs the building, increasing the pressure of the upper crust on a nearby fault, which would trigger these new quakes. Currently, it monitors the building to know for a fact that is passing under the structure.
Stock hydraulic cylinders.
Thick cables suspending the sphere.
Burj al-Arab, Dubai / UAE
: dynamic absorbers 
Building Isolation 
as a system of long-span structures such as bridges, stages, covered of sports facilities, and slender high-rise buildings such as chimneys, towers, buildings tend to be greater or lesser extent excited to high amplitude in one of its basic modes due to wind, or foot traffic. Characteristic of these buildings are the low frequencies and low damping. By assembling dynamic absorber tuned, however, these vibrations can be reduced effectively. absorbers consist of: spring or pendulum oscillating mass, damping VISCO ®. Ill.: Building Isolation tuned dynamic absorbers are consistent with the mass and the natural frequency of the structure. Have been developed and supplied absorbers oscillating masses from 40 kg. to 10,000 kg. and natural frequencies from 30 Hz to 0.3 Hz to reduce vertical frequencies are placed, in most cases, dynamic absorbers vertical compression coil springs, while horizontal and torsional vibrations are reduced with horizontal dynamic absorbers leaf springs or pendulums. Burj Dubai
The Taipei 101 building, seen above, was the world's tallest building until the arrival of the Burj Dubai, currently under construction. You can see the slender, with sections totaling making the structure will become increasingly smaller. The position of the wings form a spiral staircase, around the building, serves to counter winds and sandstorms in the area. Since the fourth level, located over 500 feet high, ending the wings, leaving only the center, which diminishes until the end of an antenna. Cushion, attached one solution may be a way of thinking from the start. To think so, you can incorporate a mobility component in a design that addresses these criteria from the generation, locations and sizes providing solutions in line with party building.
